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NEMESIS:
The Last Days of the American Republic

Footnotes

Chalmers Johnson
Cardiff, California

From the book NEMESIS: The Last Days of the American Republic by Chalmers Johnson. Reprinted by arrangement with Metropolitan Books, an imprint of Henry Holt and Company, LLC. Copyright (c) 2007 by Chalmers Johnson. All rights reserved.
71. Sven Lindqvist, "Exterminate All the Brutes": One Man's Odyssey into the Heart of Darkness and the Origins of the European Genocide, trans. Joan Tate (New York: New Press, 1996), p. 115.
72. Niall Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demse of the British World Order and the lessons for Global Power (New York: Basic Books, 2002), p. 217.
73. Ferguson, Empire, p. 219.
74. Ibid., p. 279.
75. P. J. Marshall, cd., Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p, 373.
76. Ferguson, Empire, p. 169.
77. Katherine Bailey, "Edwina Mountbatten: India's Last Vicerine," British Heritage, April-May 2000, http://historynet.com/bh/blmountbatten/index.html.
78. Tapan Raychaudhuri, "British Rule in India: An Assessment," in Marshall, History of the British Empire, p. 367.
79. Marshall, History of the British Empire, pp. 371-72.
80. Editorial, "Promises, Promises," New York Times, August 22, 2005.
81. Anita Jain, "World Bank to Lend India $9bn to Help Improve Rural Areas," Financial Times, August 22, 2005.
82. See Walden Bello, Dilemmas of Domination: The Unmaking of the American Empire (New York: Metropolitan, 2005).
83. Ferguson, Empire, p. 304.
84. Niall Ferguson, Colossus: The Price of America's Empire (New York: Penguin, 2004), p. 25.
85. John Gray, "The World Is Round," New York Review of Books, August 11, 2005,pp.13-15.
86. Ferguson, Empire, p. 164.
87. Raychaudhuri, "British Rule in India," p. 363.
88. See Chalmers Johnson, "Whatever Happened to Globalization?" in The Sorrows of Empire (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004), pp. 255-81; Johnson, MITIand the Japanese Miracle (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982); Meredith Woo-Cumings, ed.. The Developmental State (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999); and Johnson, "Economic Crisis in East Asia: The Clash of Capitalisms," Cambridge Journal of Economics 22, no. 6 (November 1998), pp. 653-61.
89. Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts (London, Verso, 2001), p. 295.
90. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (1944; repr. Boston: Beacon Press, 1957), pp. 159-60; quoted by Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts, p. 10.
91. Ferguson, Empire, p. 314.
92. Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1999), p. 381. The best study ofglobalization today is Manfred B. Steger, Globalism: The New Market Ideology (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Little-field, 2002). Also see Jeff Faux, "Flat Note from the Pied Piper of Globalization," Dissent, Fall 2005, pp. 64-67.
93. Ferguson, Colossus, p. 196.
94. Ferguson, Empire, p. 302.
95. Marshall, History of the British Empire, pp. 372-73.
96. Caroline Elkins, Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya (New York: Henry Holt, 2005), p. 11. Also see David Anderson, Histories of the Hanged: Britain's Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire (London: Weidenfeld, 2005); Daphne Eviatar, "In Cold Blood," Nation, February 21,2005; and Bernard Porter, "How Did They Get Away with It?" London Review of Books, March 3,2005. An early study of Mau Mau had already discredited British propaganda that the insurgents were "heathen savages" and shown the revolt to have been in response particularly to set-tler land seizures. See Carl G. Rosberg Jr. and John Nottingham, The Myth of Mau Mau: Nationalism in Kenya (New York: Praeger, 1966).
97. Elkins, Imperial Reckoning, pp. xv-xvi.
98. Ferguson, Empire, p. xv.
99. Quoted by Andrew Gilmour, "How to Create Insurgents," Spectator, January 24,2004.
100. Ferguson, Colossus, p. 221.
101. Eric Margolis, "George Bush's New Imperialism," Toronto Sun, August 4, 2002. The major work on this subject is Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace. See also Karl E. Meyer, "Forty Years in the Sand: What Happened the Last Time Freedom Marched on Iraq," Harper's Magazine, June 2005, pp. 69-74.
102. The classic treatment is Khushwant Singh, Mano Majra (New York: Grove Press, 1956). Mano Majra is the name of a Punjabi village where Hindus and Muslims had lived in peace for hundreds of years until partition. Singh's novel has since been reissued under the title Last Train to Pakistan.
103. Raychaudhuri, "British Rule in India," pp. 366-67.
104. Ferguson, Empire, p. 297.
105. Hannah Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, (New York: Meridian, 1958) pp. 503-4,

Published in In Motion Magazine June 12, 2007

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