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Reducing and Preventing
Youth Violence:

References

by Pedro Noguera

1. U.S. Department of Justice, Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders, Washington, D.C. May 1995 p. 6.

2. Jones M., Krisberg B. Images and Reality: Juvenile Crime, Youth Violence and Public Policy . San Francisco: National Council on Crime and Delinquency, June 1994 p.14.

3. Hill E. Juvenile Crime, Outlook for California. Sacramento: Legislative Analysts Office, May 1995 p.19.

4. op.cit. p. 18.

5. op.cit. p. 44.

6. Curry, E. Confronting Crime: An American Challenge. New York: Pantheon Books, 1985 p.145.

7. Hill p. 43

8. Harris L. and Associates. The American Teacher, Violence In America's Public Schools. New York: Metropolitan Life Insurance, 1993.

9. Hill, p. 17

10. op.cit. p. 19

11. Lerner S. The Good News About Juvenile Justice. Bolinas, California: Commonknowledge Press, 1990

12. op.cit. pp. 21-39

13. op.cit. p. 12

14. Jones M., Krisberg B., pp. 10-18

15. A Nation's Children in Lock-up. Los Angeles Times, 22 August 1993.

16. Lerner S. Bodily Harm, The Pattern of Fear and Violence in the California Youth Authority. Bolinas, CA: Common Knowledge Press, 1986.

17. Wilson Y. Prisons Get Bigger Slice of the Pie. San Francisco Chronicle, 11 January 1995.

18. Wilson J. What to do About Crime Commentary, 1991; 34 (2): 25-37

19. Hill, p.23

20. Wilson, J. p. 27

21. Jones M., Krisberg B. pp. 34, 35 and Currie pp. 73,74

22. California Child, Youth, and Family Coalition A Response to Youth Crime Proposals. Sacramento, CA. February 1995.

23. Lerner 1986 p.13

24. Jones and Krisberg, p.27

25. Johnson J. and Immerwahr J. First things first: what Americans expect from the public schools American Educator 1994 (18) 4: 7-12

26. Hill, p. 41

27. Davis M. City of Quartz. New York: Verso Press, 1990. pp.221-254

28. Zimring F., Hawkins G., Ibser H. Estimating the effect of increased incarceration on crime in California. Sacramento, CA: California Policy Seminar Brief 1995 (7)10

29. Schwartz I. (1989) Injustice for Juveniles: Rethinking the Best Interests of the Child. Lexington, Ma: Lexington Books, 1989; Shannon L. Assessing the Relationship of Adult Criminal Careers to Juvenile Careers: A Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1982.

30. Earls F. Violence and Today's Youth in The Future of Children, Critical Health Issues for Children and Youth. 1994 (4) 3:12

31. Fishbein D. Biological Perspectives in Criminology. Criminology, (28)3:27-71.

32. Hammond R. and Yung B. Psychology's Role in the Public Health Response to Assaultive Violence Among Young African-American Men. American Psychologist 1993 (48) 2:142-154

33. Prothrow-Stith D. (1991) Deadly Consequences: How Violence is Destroying Our Teenage Population and a Plan to Begin Solving the Problem. New York: Harper Collins; Hammond R and Yung B. Preventing Violence in At-Risk African American Youth. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved (2)3:359-373

34. Earls p. 8

35. Wilson J. pp. 24-26; Curry E. pp. 150,151; Jones M. and Krisberg B. p. 29.

36. Greenberg M. and Schneider D. Violence in American Cities: Young Black Males is the Answer, but What was the Question? Social Science Medicine 1994 (39) 2:179-187

37. Anderson E. The Code of the Streets. The Atlantic Monthly, May 1994

38. Selected School Characteristics Report, Oakland Unified School District, April 1993.

39. West Coast Regional Office of Consumers Unions, 1993

40. 1994 Economic Development Report, City of Oakland Office of Economic Development. pp. 22-26

41. Twine F. An Assessment of Student Needs at Lowell Middle School. July 1993.

42. Noguera R. The Prescott community. Unpublished paper May, 1988

43. Oakland Crime Satistics Report, Oakland Police Department, October 1993.

44. School Performance Data 1992-1993, Oakland Unified School District.

45. Twine, 1993.

46. Noguera P. Preventing and Producing Violence: A Critical Analysis of Responses to School Violence. Harvard Educational Review 1995 (65)2:189-212.

47. Lowell Memorandum 1/7/93, issued by the Site Leadership Council

48. Freestone, J. RESPECT Comes to Telegraph Avenue in the Berkeley Voice, 22 July 1993.

49. Berkeley Police Report on Crimes on Telegraph Avenue, October 1992.

50. Freestone, J. RESPECT Kids Have Hopes for Project's Future in the Berkeley Voice, 26 August 1993.

51. City of Berkeley Annual Report from the Office of the City Manager, April 1994.

52. Berkeley Police Department Evaluation Report of the RESPECT program, March 15, 1995.

53. Noguera P., Morgan P. Taking Chances, Taking Charge: A Report on a Drug Abuse Intervention Conceived, Created and Controlled by a Community. International Quarterly of Community Health Education 1994(14)4:417-433.

54. op.cit. p.427

55. Morgan P., Cummings G. Evaluation Report: The Real Alternatives Project. Berkeley, CA: City of Berkeley, November 1992.

56. op. cit. p. 68

57. op. cit. p. 30

Published in In Motion Magazine April 28, 1996.