Footnotes

1. Baltimore Sun, February 28, March 1, 1999
2. Chris Hurt, Keith Good, Ken Foster, Comparing Costs of Hog Production in the Midwest with Large Integrated North Carolina Systems. Purdue University Extension Service. February 1995.
3. M.R. Langemeier, T.C. Schroeder, Economics of Size for Farrow-to-Finish Hog Production. Kansas State University. This study looked at operations up to 300 hogs in size.
4. See John Crabtree, An Alternate Vision for Pork Production, Center for Rural Affairs. 1998. Also see M. Brumm, et. Al. Hoop Structures for Grow-Finish Swine. Agricultural Engineers Digest. Volume 41. 1997
5. John Ikerd, The Economic Impacts of Increased Contract Swine Production in Missouri: Another Viewpoint. University of Missouri. 1997
6. John W. Chism, Richard A. Levins, Farm Spending and Local Selling: How do they match up? Minnesota Agricultural Economist. Spring 1994.
7. Suzanne Thornsbury, S.Murphy Kambhampaty, David Kenyon, Economic Impact of a Swine Complex in Southside Virginia. Virginia Tech University, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 1994
8. Cited in John Ikerd, Op. Cit.
9. Walter Goldschmidt, Small Business and the Community: A Study of the Effects of Scale of Farm Operations. Report of Special Committee to Study the Problems of American Small Business. December 1946.
10. Noted in Corporate Hog Farming Update: Spotlight on Pork. Center for Rural Affairs. Spring 1994. Also see Linda Lobao, Locality and Inequality: Farm and Industry Structure and Socioeconomic Conditions. 1990
11. John Ikerd, The Economic Impact of Increased Contract Swine Production in Missouri: Another Viewpoint. University of Missouri. 1997.
12. Baltimore Sun, April 16, 999.
13. Susan Schiffman, et. al. “The Effect of Environmental Odors Emanating From Commercial Swine Operations on the Mood of Nearby Residents.” Brain Research Bulletin. Vol. 37. No. 4. 1995

David Morris is vice president of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance, is the author of two books: Be Your Own Power Company and Self-Reliant Cities.

This article is re-published with permission from The New Rules, Fall 1999, published by the Institute for Local Self-Reliance, 1313 5th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414. Subscriptions: $35 per year (four issues).